Global positioning system is a research concept and methodological approach centered on the design, operation, and application of satellite-based radio-navigation systems for precise positioning, navigation, and timing. This field of study investigates signal propagation, orbital dynamics, atmospheric influences, error mitigation strategies, and algorithmic techniques for determining location, velocity, and time. Key characteristics explored include system accuracy, integrity, availability, and resilience. Its significance lies in enabling fundamental research across geospatial sciences, geophysics, remote sensing, and transportation, while also serving as critical infrastructure for numerous societal and technological applications.